![]() ![]() For some traits there is an interaction of genetics and the environment. Breeding progress requires understanding the two sources of variation: genetics and environment. Selective breeding utilizes the natural variations in traits that exist among members of any population. Purebred associations provide other services that are useful to their members to enhance their businesses. The essential difference between purebred and nonpurebred animals is that the genealogy of purebred animals has been carefully recorded, usually in a herd book, or studbook, kept by some sanctioning association. Typically, certain animals within a breed are designated as purebred. In animal breeding, a population is a group of interbreeding individuals-i.e., a breed or strain within a breed that is different in some aspects from other breeds or strains. For these reasons he is generally recognized as the first scientific breeder. He was also the first to systematically let his animals for stud. It is thought that he made wide outcrosses of diverse breeds, and then practiced inbreeding with the intent of fixing desirable characteristics in the crossbred animals. Although he did not write about his methods, it is recorded that he traveled extensively by horseback and collected sheep and cattle that he considered useful. His work was based on the traditional method of visual appraisal of the animals that he selected. Breeding and variationĮnglish agriculturist Robert Bakewell was a very successful breeder of commercial livestock in the 18th century. The fundamental biological principles underlying animal breeding are discussed in the articles heredity and animal reproductive system. This article discusses the basic principles of how populations of animals can be changed by application of these principles, and a brief discussion of molecular genetics, immunogenetics, and newer reproductive technologies is included. These include genetics, statistics, reproductive physiology, computer science, and molecular genetics. Selective breeding involves using knowledge from several branches of science. Humanity has been modifying domesticated animals to better suit human needs for centuries.
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